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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDistillationofPetroleumProductsatAtmosphericPressure
【原文标准名称】:大气压力下石油产品的蒸馏物用标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD86-2007b
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2007
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:D02.08
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:蒸馏;蒸馏分析法;润滑剂;油性涂料;涂料;石油产品
【英文主题词】:batchdistillation;distillates;distillation;laboratorydistillation;petroleumproducts;Atmosphericdistillation;Batchdistillation;Distillation--petroleumproducts;Laboratorydistillationprocess;Petroleumproducts
【摘要】:Thebasictestmethodofdeterminingtheboilingrangeofapetroleumproductbyperformingasimplebatchdistillationhasbeeninuseaslongasthepetroleumindustryhasexisted.ItisoneoftheoldesttestmethodsunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD02,datingfromthetimewhenitwasstillreferredtoastheEnglerdistillation.Sincethetestmethodhasbeeninuseforsuchanextendedperiod,atremendousnumberofhistoricaldatabasesexistforestimatingend-usesensitivityonproductsandprocesses.Thedistillation(volatility)characteristicsofhydrocarbonshaveanimportanteffectontheirsafetyandperformance,especiallyinthecaseoffuelsandsolvents.Theboilingrangegivesinformationonthecomposition,theproperties,andthebehaviorofthefuelduringstorageanduse.Volatilityisthemajordeterminantofthetendencyofahydrocarbonmixturetoproducepotentiallyexplosivevapors.Thedistillationcharacteristicsarecriticallyimportantforbothautomotiveandaviationgasolines,affectingstarting,warm-up,andtendencytovaporlockathighoperatingtemperatureorathighaltitude,orboth.Thepresenceofhighboilingpointcomponentsintheseandotherfuelscansignificantlyaffectthedegreeofformationofsolidcombustiondeposits.Volatility,asitaffectsrateofevaporation,isanimportantfactorintheapplicationofmanysolvents,particularlythoseusedinpaints.Distillationlimitsareoftenincludedinpetroleumproductspecifications,incommercialcontractagreements,processrefinery/controlapplications,andforcompliancetoregulatoryrules.1.1Thistestmethodcoverstheatmosphericdistillationofpetroleumproductsusingalaboratorybatchdistillationunittodeterminequantitativelytheboilingrangecharacteristicsofsuchproductsaslightandmiddledistillates,automotivespark-ignitionenginefuels,automotivespark-ignitionenginefuelscontainingupto10%ethanol,aviationgasolines,aviationturbinefuels,1-Dand2-Ddieselfuels,biodieselblendsupto20%,marinefuels,specialpetroleumspirits,naphthas,whitespirits,kerosines,andGrades1and2burnerfuels.1.2Thetestmethodisdesignedfortheanalysisofdistillatefuels;itisnotapplicabletoproductscontainingappreciablequantitiesofresidualmaterial.1.3Thistestmethodcoversbothmanualandautomatedinstruments.1.4Unlessotherwisenoted,thevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesareprovidedforinformationonly.1.5Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:E30
【国际标准分类号】:75_080
【页数】:27P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:Brakehoseassemblies;brakehosefittings;brakehoseclips
【原文标准名称】:液压制动软管组件.制动用软管接头.制动软管夹
【标准号】:DIN74225-1991
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:1991-09
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:尺寸;制动系统;摩托车;阀门;设计;道路车辆;名称与符号;柔性管;连接;液压的;制动系统管路;制动软管;液压操纵装置;液压制动系统;材料;夹持装置;夹持装置;软管接头;制动器;制动系统部件
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:Thedimensions,materialsandrequirementsaregivenforbrakehoses,brakehosefittingsandbrakehoseclipsusedinhydraulicbrakingsystemsofroadvehicles.
【中国标准分类号】:T24
【国际标准分类号】:43_040_40
【页数】:3P;A4
【正文语种】:德语